See gralljan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "griellan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: griellan\nMiddle English: grillen, gryllen, grullen\nEnglish: grill\nScots: grill, girl",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: griellan\nMiddle English: grillen, gryllen, grullen\nEnglish: grill\nScots: grill, girl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*grella",
"3": "*grilla"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *grella, *grilla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *grella, *grilla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "fergrälje",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Saterland Frisian: fergrälje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Saterland Frisian: fergrälje"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "fergrild",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ West Frisian: fergrild",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ West Frisian: fergrild"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*grellian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *grellian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *grellian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "grellen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: grellen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: grellen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "vergrellt"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: vergrellt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: vergrellt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "vergrellen"
},
"expansion": "Low German: vergrellen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: vergrellen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gräla",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: gräla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: gräla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*grellen"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *grellen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *grellen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "grillen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: grillen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: grillen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grillen",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Dutch: grillen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Dutch: grillen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*grellen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *grellen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *grellen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "grellen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: grellen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: grellen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "grellen"
},
"expansion": "German: grellen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: grellen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; presumably related to *grulljan (“to growl, act angrily”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grallju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graliþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graliþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grali",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graliþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grald",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*gralljan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gralljan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "grallī"
},
{
"sense": "Middle English: grille",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "grill"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Low German: grelle, grille",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "Grillen"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Dutch: *grelle, grille f",
"tags": [
"Dutch"
],
"word": "gril"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Dutch: *grelle, grille f",
"tags": [
"Dutch"
],
"word": "grel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to shout at, antagonize"
],
"id": "en-gralljan-gmw-pro-verb--08O8j45",
"links": [
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"antagonize",
"antagonize"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gralljan"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "grallī"
},
{
"sense": "Middle English: grille",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "grill"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Low German: grelle, grille",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "Grillen"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Dutch: *grelle, grille f",
"tags": [
"Dutch"
],
"word": "gril"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Dutch: *grelle, grille f",
"tags": [
"Dutch"
],
"word": "grel"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "griellan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: griellan\nMiddle English: grillen, gryllen, grullen\nEnglish: grill\nScots: grill, girl",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: griellan\nMiddle English: grillen, gryllen, grullen\nEnglish: grill\nScots: grill, girl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*grella",
"3": "*grilla"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *grella, *grilla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *grella, *grilla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "fergrälje",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Saterland Frisian: fergrälje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Saterland Frisian: fergrälje"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "fergrild",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ West Frisian: fergrild",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ West Frisian: fergrild"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*grellian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *grellian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *grellian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "grellen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: grellen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: grellen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "vergrellt"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: vergrellt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: vergrellt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "vergrellen"
},
"expansion": "Low German: vergrellen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: vergrellen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gräla",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: gräla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: gräla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*grellen"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *grellen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *grellen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "grillen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: grillen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: grillen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grillen",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Dutch: grillen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Dutch: grillen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*grellen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *grellen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *grellen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "grellen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: grellen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: grellen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "grellen"
},
"expansion": "German: grellen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: grellen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; presumably related to *grulljan (“to growl, act angrily”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grallju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graliþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graliþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graldīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grali",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "graliþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "gralljandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "grald",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*gralljan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gralljan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Abuse",
"gmw-pro:Vocalizations"
],
"glosses": [
"to shout at, antagonize"
],
"links": [
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"antagonize",
"antagonize"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gralljan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gralljan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (7.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.